Sleep is a fundamental physiological process crucial for overall health and well-being. It encompasses various stages, including non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, each serving distinct functions in cognitive and physical restoration. However, sleep disorders disrupt this natural cycle, leading to adverse effects on daily functioning and health.

Insomnia, characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, is among the most common sleep disorders. It can stem from various factors such as stress, poor sleep habits, or underlying medical conditions. Sleep apnea, another prevalent disorder, involves interrupted breathing during sleep, leading to fragmented sleep and daytime drowsiness.

Parasomnias, including sleepwalking and night terrors, manifest as abnormal behaviors or experiences during sleep. Narcolepsy causes uncontrollable daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks, impacting daily activities and safety.

Treatment approaches for sleep disorders range from lifestyle modifications and cognitive-behavioral therapy to medication and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. Proper diagnosis and management are essential to mitigate the adverse effects of sleep disorders on physical health, mental well-being, and overall quality of life.

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